Pull-based production in fashion

Definition

Pull-based production in fashion is a manufacturing approach where production is triggered by real customer demand rather than long-range forecasts. Instead of producing large quantities upfront, brands replenish inventory incrementally based on sell-through signals.

Push vs pull: the core difference

At its core, pull-based production shifts risk from upfront inventory commitments to ongoing replenishment decisions.

Push-based production
Pull-based production
forecast driven
demand-driven
Large upfront production
Incremental replenishment
Long lead times
Short cycles
High inventory risk
Lower inventory risk
Markdown-dependent
Markdown not necessary

Why fashion struggles with pull-based production

Fashion supply chains face constraints that make pull-based production difficult: fabric minimums, long material lead times, sampling and fit iterations, and factory capacity planning. As a result, many brands default to push-based models even when demand is uncertain.

How pull-based production reduces risk

  • Smaller batch sizes lower per-style downside
  • Shorter cycles reduce forecast error
  • Replenishment replaces upfront commitment
  • Inventory aligns more closely with demand

Relationship to agile supply chains

Pull-based production is a foundational mechanism within agile supply chains. By tying production decisions to demand signals, pull-based production enables faster response times, shorter calendars, and lower inventory risk.

Where Patchwork Fits

Patchwork enables pull-based production in fashion by replenishing factory-level inventory to approximately one month of demand and shipping directly from manufacturer to consumer. This allows brands to operate with a 6-week apparel calendar while avoiding large upfront inventory commitments.

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