In fashion, push-based and pull-based supply chains differ in how production decisions are made. Push-based supply chains rely on forecasts and upfront inventory commitments, while pull-based supply chains tie production and replenishment to real customer demand.
At a system level, push shifts risk to inventory, while pull shifts decisions to replenishment.
Push-based supply chains dominate fashion because they simplify planning and minimize unit costs at the expense of flexibility. Long lead times, fabric minimums, and factory scheduling pressures make upfront commitments feel safer, even when demand is uncertain.
Pull-based supply chains outperform push-based supply chains when demand is volatile, trend cycles are short, and the cost of unsold inventory outweighs the benefits of marginal unit cost savings.
Pull-based supply chains are a core mechanism within agile supply chains. By replacing large upfront commitments with frequent replenishment, pull-based models enable shorter calendars, faster feedback loops, and lower inventory risk.
Patchwork enables pull-based supply chains in fashion by replenishing factory-level inventory to approximately one month of demand and shipping directly from manufacturer to consumer. This allows brands to reduce upfront commitments, operate on a 6-week apparel calendar, and lower deadstock risk.